Q.1 The Supreme Court recently held that access to menstrual hygiene management (MHM) in schools is part of which fundamental right?
A. Article 14
B. Article 15
C. Article 19
D. Article 21
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Answer: D Article 21 includes right to life with dignity, privacy and bodily autonomy.
Q.2 The Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) may impact India primarily by:
A. Increasing agricultural exports
B. Making carbon-intensive exports costlier
C. Reducing foreign direct investment
D. Lowering customs duties
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Answer: B
The Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) is a climate policy instrument of the European Union established to prevent carbon leakage and support the EU’s climate objectives. CBAM places a carbon price on imports of certain carbon-intensive goods such as cement, iron and steel, aluminium, fertilizers, electricity, and hydrogen by requiring importers to purchase CBAM certificates reflecting the embedded greenhouse gas emissions. The mechanism aligns the carbon cost of imported products with that faced by EU producers under the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS), ensuring fair competition while encouraging global emissions reduction and supporting the EU’s legally binding climate-neutrality target.
Q.3 Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) is implemented by:
A. United States
B. European Union
C. United Nations
D. World Trade Organization
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Answer: B
CBAM is an EU mechanism to tax carbon-intensive imports.
Q.4 The Carbon Credit Trading Scheme (CCTS) in India primarily aims to:
A. Replace carbon tax completely
B. Monetise forest resources
C. Create a market mechanism to reduce emissions
D. Promote voluntary climate action
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Answer: C
The Carbon Credit Trading Scheme (CCTS) in India is a government-regulated domestic carbon market established under the Energy Conservation (Amendment) Act, 2022 and notified through the Carbon Credit Trading Scheme, 2023 by the Government of India. The scheme creates a framework for the issuance and trading of carbon credit certificates based on verified greenhouse gas emission reductions or removals. It is designed as a hybrid mechanism, enabling both compliance-based and voluntary participation, with sectoral scope, targets, and obligations to be notified progressively by the government. The Bureau of Energy Efficiency is designated as the administrator, responsible for accreditation, issuance, and oversight of carbon credits, while trading is conducted on government-approved power exchanges.
Q.5 Which of the following correctly describes Rule of Law, as per A.V. Dicey?
A. Supremacy of Parliament
B. Equality before law
C. Judicial supremacy over Constitution
D. Executive discretion
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Answer: B Equality before law is a core pillar of Dicey’s Rule of Law.